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Questions people actually ask, answered with the arithmetic shown. No account required.
Roth conversions
Moving money from a Traditional IRA to a Roth — when it pays, when it doesn't, and the arithmetic most calculators get wrong.
- What is a Roth conversion?The mechanics, and what actually changes when you convert.
- Is a Roth conversion a good idea for me?The handful of factors that decide it — and the ones that don't matter.
- How much tax will a conversion cost me?Why a conversion stacks on top of your income instead of being taxed at one rate.
- Should I pay the conversion tax from savings?The question behind most overstated conversion projections.
- Should I convert a little each year instead of all at once?Filling a bracket over several years versus one large conversion.
- When can I take the money out after converting?Two separate five-year clocks, and which one applies to you.
- I have after-tax money in my IRA — does that change things?The pro-rata rule, and why you can't convert just the after-tax dollars.
IRA fundamentals
How the accounts themselves work: the types, the limits, and the rules on getting money out.
- Traditional or Roth — which should I be using?Deduction now versus tax-free later, and what tips the balance.
- How much can I contribute in 2026?The 2026 contribution and income limits, with the phase-out ranges.
- What kinds of IRA are there?Traditional, Roth, SEP and SIMPLE compared side by side.
- When am I forced to start withdrawing?Required minimum distributions: the age, the amount, the penalty.
- What happens if I withdraw before 59½?The 10% penalty and the exceptions that get you out of it.
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